1 00:00:02,168 --> 00:00:05,038 NARRATOR: Dramatic video captures a scene of chaos. 2 00:00:05,105 --> 00:00:06,906 GEOFFREY THOMAS: You've got this trail of people 3 00:00:06,973 --> 00:00:08,775 coming away from the airplane. 4 00:00:08,842 --> 00:00:11,945 It was raw, unedited. 5 00:00:12,011 --> 00:00:13,513 NARRATOR: A crash survivor records 6 00:00:13,580 --> 00:00:16,750 the desperate escape from the wreckage of Garuda flight 200. 7 00:00:18,685 --> 00:00:21,688 Huge explosions going off, big plumes of black smoke. 8 00:00:23,990 --> 00:00:25,892 NARRATOR: What sent the Indonesian airliner 9 00:00:25,959 --> 00:00:28,561 careening off the runway? 10 00:00:28,628 --> 00:00:30,830 ALAN STRAY: We don't deal in speculation. 11 00:00:30,897 --> 00:00:32,832 We want facts. 12 00:00:32,899 --> 00:00:35,702 There was intense pressure to deliver. 13 00:00:35,769 --> 00:00:38,738 NARRATOR: Investigators must accept a shocking explanation 14 00:00:38,805 --> 00:00:41,107 for the crash. 15 00:00:41,174 --> 00:00:43,343 It's very hard to understand. 16 00:00:43,410 --> 00:00:45,745 Go around, captain, go around. 17 00:00:45,812 --> 00:00:47,580 I never heard anything like this. 18 00:00:47,647 --> 00:00:49,349 FLIGHT ATTENDANT (ON INTERCOM): Ladies and gentlemen, 19 00:00:49,416 --> 00:00:50,750 we are starting our approach. 20 00:00:50,817 --> 00:00:51,785 PILOT: We lost both engines. 21 00:00:53,052 --> 00:00:54,487 PILOT: Mayday! Mayday! 22 00:00:54,554 --> 00:00:55,488 WOMAN: Brace for impact! 23 00:00:56,956 --> 00:00:57,957 MAN: I think I lost one. 24 00:00:58,024 --> 00:00:59,826 MAN: Investigation started in traffic. 25 00:01:00,894 --> 00:01:02,295 MAN: He's gonna crash! 26 00:01:13,606 --> 00:01:20,480 NARRATOR: It's early morning on the Indonesian island of Java. 27 00:01:24,517 --> 00:01:28,988 Garuda 200, cleared for descent, runway zero niner. 28 00:01:29,055 --> 00:01:30,657 Surface wind is calm. 29 00:01:30,723 --> 00:01:33,693 Visibility is eight kilometers. 30 00:01:33,760 --> 00:01:37,330 NARRATOR: A Boeing 737 flies high overhead. 31 00:01:37,397 --> 00:01:38,331 Copy that. 32 00:01:38,398 --> 00:01:39,866 Runway zero niner. 33 00:01:39,933 --> 00:01:46,873 Winds calm, visibility eight kilometers, 27,000 feet. 34 00:01:46,940 --> 00:01:48,775 27,000. 35 00:01:48,842 --> 00:01:50,977 NARRATOR: The crew of Garuda flight 200 36 00:01:51,044 --> 00:01:53,313 is getting ready to land. 37 00:01:53,379 --> 00:01:54,681 All right, you can go ahead and proceed 38 00:01:54,747 --> 00:01:56,516 with the landing checklist. 39 00:01:56,583 --> 00:01:57,617 COPILOT: Landing lights. 40 00:01:57,684 --> 00:02:00,119 PILOT: On. 41 00:02:00,186 --> 00:02:01,621 Approach frequencies. 42 00:02:01,688 --> 00:02:03,223 Check. 43 00:02:03,289 --> 00:02:07,427 Indonesia is made up of 18,300 islands, 44 00:02:07,494 --> 00:02:10,797 so air travel is incredibly important. 45 00:02:10,864 --> 00:02:15,768 Garuda is critical to the aviation infrastructure. 46 00:02:15,835 --> 00:02:18,037 Fasten seat belt light is on. 47 00:02:23,276 --> 00:02:28,848 NARRATOR: There are 133 passengers in the cabin. 48 00:02:28,915 --> 00:02:30,750 They're nearing the end of a short flight 49 00:02:30,817 --> 00:02:33,253 from the Indonesian capital of Jakarta, 50 00:02:33,319 --> 00:02:39,893 265 miles Southeast of the city of Yogyakarta. 51 00:02:40,927 --> 00:02:42,395 Most of the passengers are Indonesian, 52 00:02:42,462 --> 00:02:47,100 but there's also a group of Australian journalists. 53 00:02:47,166 --> 00:02:49,269 They're covering a state visit by Australia's 54 00:02:49,335 --> 00:02:53,773 foreign minister who's traveling on another plane. 55 00:02:53,840 --> 00:02:56,509 Relationship between Australia and Indonesia 56 00:02:56,576 --> 00:02:58,044 are often strained. 57 00:02:58,111 --> 00:03:00,680 So whenever a minister or a head of state 58 00:03:00,747 --> 00:03:04,551 visits that country, there's a heightened 59 00:03:04,617 --> 00:03:06,553 interest from the media. 60 00:03:06,619 --> 00:03:10,089 And so we had a large media contingent following. 61 00:03:10,156 --> 00:03:13,426 NARRATOR: Kyle Quinlan is also headed to Yogyakarta. 62 00:03:13,493 --> 00:03:15,528 He's an Air Force security officer, 63 00:03:15,595 --> 00:03:21,401 part of the foreign minister's advanced security team. 64 00:03:21,467 --> 00:03:23,303 I was working for 34 VRP Squadron. 65 00:03:23,369 --> 00:03:25,238 They're the guys who look after the security 66 00:03:25,305 --> 00:03:27,340 for Prime Minister, heads of government, 67 00:03:27,407 --> 00:03:28,608 and stuff like that. 68 00:03:28,675 --> 00:03:32,579 We had to travel internally on civilian aircraft. 69 00:03:32,645 --> 00:03:38,117 NARRATOR: The plane is about 15 minutes from touchdown. 70 00:03:38,184 --> 00:03:41,454 Speed is 320 knots. 71 00:03:41,521 --> 00:03:43,990 OK, when we're cleared, we approach runway nine, 72 00:03:44,057 --> 00:03:47,460 course 088. 73 00:03:47,527 --> 00:03:49,629 NARRATOR: Captain Mohammed Marwoto Komar has 74 00:03:49,696 --> 00:03:54,834 been with Garuda for 21 years. 75 00:03:54,901 --> 00:03:56,703 Approach flaps 40. 76 00:03:56,769 --> 00:03:58,938 Auto brake two. 77 00:03:59,005 --> 00:04:01,574 With air speed approximately 141 knots, 78 00:04:01,641 --> 00:04:05,111 on landing, parking stand to the left. 79 00:04:05,178 --> 00:04:06,579 NARRATOR: As they near the airport, 80 00:04:06,646 --> 00:04:08,848 he briefs first officer Gagam Rohmana 81 00:04:08,915 --> 00:04:15,521 on the first steps needed to get their plane on the ground. 82 00:04:16,522 --> 00:04:18,091 Understood? 83 00:04:18,157 --> 00:04:19,959 Approach briefing complete. 84 00:04:20,026 --> 00:04:22,629 This was a typical day out for these pilots. 85 00:04:22,695 --> 00:04:24,263 Captain was very experienced. 86 00:04:24,330 --> 00:04:28,267 The copilot, a little bit less experienced but certainly just 87 00:04:28,334 --> 00:04:30,136 another day at the office. 88 00:04:30,203 --> 00:04:32,071 A short flight, easy. 89 00:04:40,380 --> 00:04:41,314 Enough slacking. 90 00:04:41,381 --> 00:04:43,449 It's time to get back at it. 91 00:04:43,516 --> 00:04:45,018 Yes, sir. 92 00:04:45,084 --> 00:04:46,719 No life like it. 93 00:04:46,786 --> 00:04:48,855 NARRATOR: For Quinlan, the flight's been a welcome break 94 00:04:48,921 --> 00:04:51,057 from a hectic schedule. 95 00:04:51,124 --> 00:04:53,993 We just come off a 16 hour shift the night before. 96 00:04:54,060 --> 00:04:55,328 We had probably about three hours sleep, 97 00:04:55,395 --> 00:04:59,065 and so it was kick back and just relax and just enjoy 98 00:04:59,132 --> 00:05:00,933 this time before we get on the ground 99 00:05:01,000 --> 00:05:06,139 and before we have to work. 100 00:05:10,576 --> 00:05:11,911 NARRATOR: The plane is less than 15 101 00:05:11,978 --> 00:05:15,248 miles from the airport. 102 00:05:15,314 --> 00:05:17,083 Whoa, strong wind. 103 00:05:17,150 --> 00:05:20,286 NARRATOR: They hit some slight turbulence. 104 00:05:20,353 --> 00:05:22,622 What will challenge you in tropical latitudes 105 00:05:22,689 --> 00:05:24,257 close to the equator is the fact 106 00:05:24,323 --> 00:05:27,026 that the weather there has a greater exchange of heat. 107 00:05:27,093 --> 00:05:29,529 And therefore, you're going to get more wild winds. 108 00:05:29,595 --> 00:05:34,967 And you've got to be on your toes as a pilot. 109 00:05:35,034 --> 00:05:38,738 Garuda 200, you're cleared to approach runway zero niner. 110 00:05:38,805 --> 00:05:41,574 Let me know when you have the runway in sight. 111 00:05:41,641 --> 00:05:44,844 Copy that. 112 00:05:44,911 --> 00:05:46,079 NARRATOR: The bumpy ride doesn't 113 00:05:46,145 --> 00:05:48,648 alarm the experienced captain. 114 00:05:48,715 --> 00:05:49,816 Flaps one. 115 00:05:49,882 --> 00:05:52,652 NARRATOR: He continues with a landing approach. 116 00:05:52,719 --> 00:05:56,322 Flaps one. 117 00:05:56,389 --> 00:05:58,357 NARRATOR: And calls for the flaps to be extended. 118 00:06:00,359 --> 00:06:02,695 Flaps increase the wing surface area 119 00:06:02,762 --> 00:06:08,034 adding the crucial extra lift needed at slower speeds. 120 00:06:08,101 --> 00:06:11,437 Gear down. 121 00:06:11,504 --> 00:06:13,372 Gear down. 122 00:06:23,549 --> 00:06:28,955 NARRATOR: They're now less than 3,000 feet above the runway. 123 00:06:29,021 --> 00:06:31,324 Flaps 15. 124 00:06:31,390 --> 00:06:32,492 JOHN NANCE: You're in this position 125 00:06:32,558 --> 00:06:34,827 of taking this big bird and putting it 126 00:06:34,894 --> 00:06:37,764 into a slow enough air speed with enough configuration 127 00:06:37,830 --> 00:06:40,433 on flaps and landing gear and so on that you're 128 00:06:40,500 --> 00:06:41,601 a little bit vulnerable. 129 00:06:45,438 --> 00:06:46,973 NARRATOR: As the plane descends, 130 00:06:47,039 --> 00:06:50,009 Quinlan begins to feel uneasy. 131 00:06:50,076 --> 00:06:53,279 His Air Force training tells him something's not right. 132 00:06:53,346 --> 00:06:55,348 When you travel on aircraft so frequent, 133 00:06:55,414 --> 00:06:57,216 you become aware of your surroundings. 134 00:06:57,283 --> 00:07:00,119 And, for me, it was when we were standing and looking out 135 00:07:00,186 --> 00:07:01,621 the window and thinking, we're not 136 00:07:01,687 --> 00:07:04,290 supposed to be at this height for how fast we were going. 137 00:07:04,357 --> 00:07:05,358 Something's off, huh? 138 00:07:10,229 --> 00:07:13,966 Clear to land two miles out. 139 00:07:14,033 --> 00:07:15,701 NARRATOR: Quinlan can't shake the feeling 140 00:07:15,768 --> 00:07:18,571 the plane's dropping too fast. 141 00:07:18,638 --> 00:07:20,306 When I realized something really bad 142 00:07:20,373 --> 00:07:23,309 was going to happen, I turned to my boss and I said, 143 00:07:23,376 --> 00:07:25,344 we're going in. 144 00:07:25,411 --> 00:07:26,345 OK then. 145 00:07:37,690 --> 00:07:38,624 KYLE QUINLAN: What can you do? 146 00:07:38,691 --> 00:07:40,059 You're stuck here. 147 00:07:40,126 --> 00:07:42,695 There's nothing that you can do except for tighten up the seat 148 00:07:42,762 --> 00:07:44,764 belt and just hang on and just ride this out, 149 00:07:44,831 --> 00:07:46,666 and hopefully, we make it. 150 00:07:50,136 --> 00:07:52,371 AI: Pull up. 151 00:07:52,438 --> 00:07:53,806 Whoa! Go around, captain! 152 00:07:53,873 --> 00:07:54,807 Go around! 153 00:07:57,243 --> 00:07:58,177 AI: Pull up. 154 00:08:06,485 --> 00:08:08,888 We landed, and we bounced. 155 00:08:11,657 --> 00:08:16,162 NARRATOR: It's chaos as the plane bounces a second time. 156 00:08:16,229 --> 00:08:17,930 KYLE QUINLAN: And I just remember thinking, just hang 157 00:08:17,997 --> 00:08:19,832 on, hang on, bud, hang on. 158 00:08:27,139 --> 00:08:30,877 NARRATOR: Then a third impact and the plane isn't stopping. 159 00:08:30,943 --> 00:08:32,044 We're scraping on the belly. 160 00:08:32,111 --> 00:08:34,580 I can hear the wings, the engines, everything. 161 00:08:47,426 --> 00:08:48,828 Then probably the biggest impact 162 00:08:48,895 --> 00:08:51,330 I've ever had on my life was when we hit that embankment. 163 00:08:58,237 --> 00:09:01,941 NARRATOR: Emergency crews race towards the crash site, 164 00:09:02,008 --> 00:09:04,744 but the 737 has careened off the runway 165 00:09:04,810 --> 00:09:07,213 into a swampy rice field. 166 00:09:07,280 --> 00:09:10,383 Getting vehicles to the site won't be easy. 167 00:09:10,449 --> 00:09:11,817 When you've got a crash that occurs 168 00:09:11,884 --> 00:09:13,552 in the middle of an airport where there's plenty 169 00:09:13,619 --> 00:09:15,321 of access, it's one thing. 170 00:09:15,388 --> 00:09:17,323 But when it's out off the airport site, 171 00:09:17,390 --> 00:09:18,691 in this particular case in a rice 172 00:09:18,758 --> 00:09:21,827 paddy, very limited access, it gets almost 173 00:09:21,894 --> 00:09:22,662 exponentially more 174 00:09:22,728 --> 00:09:24,263 difficult. 175 00:09:29,502 --> 00:09:31,570 NARRATOR: Many passengers are badly injured, 176 00:09:31,637 --> 00:09:34,307 and the fire is spreading fast. 177 00:09:34,373 --> 00:09:38,477 Kyle Quinlan realizes there's no time to wait for rescue. 178 00:09:38,544 --> 00:09:40,346 KYLE QUINLAN: Once we pulled up, I could still operate. 179 00:09:40,413 --> 00:09:42,848 And to see so many people who were busted up 180 00:09:42,915 --> 00:09:44,917 and couldn't do anything-- 181 00:09:44,984 --> 00:09:47,787 I needed to do something and to help these people out. 182 00:09:57,863 --> 00:10:01,033 NARRATOR: Inside the burning fuselage of Garuda flight 200, 183 00:10:01,100 --> 00:10:03,202 Kyle Quinlan struggles to get out. 184 00:10:05,104 --> 00:10:07,206 Fire is blocking the nearest exits. 185 00:10:07,273 --> 00:10:08,307 KYLE QUINLAN: The whole plan is-- 186 00:10:08,374 --> 00:10:09,809 there's just the glow and the heat 187 00:10:09,875 --> 00:10:11,477 coming from the right side of the aircraft. 188 00:10:13,913 --> 00:10:15,481 NARRATOR: If the fuel tanks ignite, 189 00:10:15,548 --> 00:10:16,983 the plane could explode. 190 00:10:17,049 --> 00:10:19,819 But firefighters can't reach the crash. 191 00:10:19,885 --> 00:10:22,355 Any time you've got the possibility of fuel, 192 00:10:22,421 --> 00:10:24,123 you need fire suppression right there 193 00:10:24,190 --> 00:10:26,592 right now because you've got massive flames 194 00:10:26,659 --> 00:10:28,060 at 1,800 degrees. 195 00:10:28,127 --> 00:10:29,161 You've got a lethal situation. 196 00:10:30,363 --> 00:10:32,064 Give me a hand with this. 197 00:10:32,131 --> 00:10:34,000 NARRATOR: Quinlan still can't get out. 198 00:10:35,234 --> 00:10:37,069 KYLE QUINLAN: Turn to my left, jump across, 199 00:10:37,136 --> 00:10:39,271 grab the emergency exit with another Indonesian guy 200 00:10:39,338 --> 00:10:43,142 and crack the emergency exit. 201 00:10:43,209 --> 00:10:45,878 NARRATOR: Passengers scramble out of the door. 202 00:10:45,945 --> 00:10:47,546 KYLE QUINLAN: People are climbing over each other, 203 00:10:47,613 --> 00:10:51,584 and it was a pretty wild scene. 204 00:10:53,786 --> 00:10:56,989 Sir, I've got to get you out of here now. 205 00:10:57,056 --> 00:10:58,391 NARRATOR: Quinlan's Sergeant Michael 206 00:10:58,457 --> 00:11:02,228 Hatton is too badly hurt to get off the plane without help. 207 00:11:02,294 --> 00:11:04,330 KYLE QUINLAN: He was unconscious and falling 208 00:11:04,397 --> 00:11:05,798 in and out of consciousness. 209 00:11:05,865 --> 00:11:08,634 So I carried him out, jumped off the left wing 210 00:11:08,701 --> 00:11:10,736 tip into a rice paddy. 211 00:11:10,803 --> 00:11:14,640 And then sunk up to knee deep in water. 212 00:11:14,707 --> 00:11:19,045 About 100 meters away from the aircraft there's a hut. 213 00:11:19,111 --> 00:11:21,514 I just grabbed my boss and carried him there. 214 00:11:21,580 --> 00:11:22,581 I'm all right. 215 00:11:22,648 --> 00:11:23,582 I'm all right. 216 00:11:23,649 --> 00:11:25,718 I just can't move my arm. 217 00:11:25,785 --> 00:11:26,819 You'll be all right here. 218 00:11:26,886 --> 00:11:28,087 I can see his injuries. 219 00:11:28,154 --> 00:11:29,255 They're not life threatening. 220 00:11:31,257 --> 00:11:32,591 Said look, you'll be all right here. 221 00:11:32,658 --> 00:11:33,592 I'm coming back for you. 222 00:11:33,659 --> 00:11:36,195 You be all right. 223 00:11:36,262 --> 00:11:41,100 I'm coming back. 224 00:11:41,167 --> 00:11:43,269 Off I went and went back to the plane. 225 00:11:44,737 --> 00:11:47,273 NARRATOR: Freelance cameraman Wayan Suricata also 226 00:11:47,339 --> 00:11:50,342 makes his way off the plane. 227 00:11:50,409 --> 00:11:52,845 He soon begins capturing dramatic images 228 00:11:52,912 --> 00:11:55,648 of the aftermath. 229 00:11:55,714 --> 00:11:58,050 GEOFFREY THOMAS: We've got the cameraman gasping for breath. 230 00:11:58,117 --> 00:12:01,587 We've got him staggering around away from the aeroplane 231 00:12:01,654 --> 00:12:02,855 filming as he went. 232 00:12:05,424 --> 00:12:07,893 And you've got this trail of people coming 233 00:12:07,960 --> 00:12:09,528 away from the aeroplane. 234 00:12:09,595 --> 00:12:12,865 It was raw, unedited. 235 00:12:12,932 --> 00:12:15,101 And it was a real sense of being there. 236 00:12:21,273 --> 00:12:25,010 KYLE QUINLAN: The fire and the intensity, it was a massive. 237 00:12:25,077 --> 00:12:29,381 It was like this thing was huge explosions going off, 238 00:12:29,448 --> 00:12:32,418 big plumes of black smoke. 239 00:12:32,485 --> 00:12:34,520 Just how the aircraft was burning, 240 00:12:34,587 --> 00:12:36,388 it was just phenomenal. 241 00:12:36,455 --> 00:12:38,924 I've never seen anything like it. 242 00:12:38,991 --> 00:12:40,459 NARRATOR: Back on board the plane, 243 00:12:40,526 --> 00:12:43,429 Quinlan helps more passengers escape a cabin that's 244 00:12:43,496 --> 00:12:45,498 fast becoming an inferno. 245 00:12:47,066 --> 00:12:48,901 KYLE QUINLAN: A lot of people were not in a condition 246 00:12:48,968 --> 00:12:50,069 to be able to do anything. 247 00:12:50,136 --> 00:12:52,605 So I'm in a condition where I can assist, 248 00:12:52,671 --> 00:12:53,706 I'm going to assist. 249 00:12:53,772 --> 00:12:55,975 I'm going to do the best I can and help. 250 00:12:58,444 --> 00:13:00,045 GEOFFREY THOMAS: The scene was one of chaos. 251 00:13:00,112 --> 00:13:02,381 On one hand, you've got lots of officials 252 00:13:02,448 --> 00:13:04,183 not knowing what to do. 253 00:13:04,250 --> 00:13:06,385 On the other side you've got passengers 254 00:13:06,452 --> 00:13:09,889 almost looking after themselves and rescuing each other coming 255 00:13:09,955 --> 00:13:11,090 away from the wreck. 256 00:13:11,157 --> 00:13:12,958 You've got emergency services who 257 00:13:13,025 --> 00:13:15,628 can't get to the aeroplane because of the terrain, 258 00:13:15,694 --> 00:13:18,063 because of the ditches and the rice paddies. 259 00:13:18,130 --> 00:13:22,501 It really was chaotic. 260 00:13:22,568 --> 00:13:25,571 NARRATOR: Of the 140 passengers and crew on board, 261 00:13:25,638 --> 00:13:29,008 21 people have been killed. 262 00:13:29,074 --> 00:13:31,143 GEOFFREY THOMAS: Clearly, you knew that people were 263 00:13:31,210 --> 00:13:32,444 not going to survive this. 264 00:13:32,511 --> 00:13:34,780 It's almost a miracle that so many did survive. 265 00:13:40,085 --> 00:13:42,922 NARRATOR: Suricata keeps rolling as crash survivors, 266 00:13:42,988 --> 00:13:45,024 including Kyle Quinlan and Michael Hatton, 267 00:13:45,090 --> 00:13:46,292 arrive at a nearby hospital. 268 00:13:49,562 --> 00:13:51,931 Australian Air Force, Air Force. 269 00:13:51,997 --> 00:13:54,200 There was the stretchers and everyone over the floor, 270 00:13:54,266 --> 00:13:55,568 you know? 271 00:13:55,634 --> 00:14:01,840 And it was just a big shock to me, just so many people. 272 00:14:03,108 --> 00:14:05,044 NARRATOR: Within hours, Suricata's dramatic footage 273 00:14:05,110 --> 00:14:06,645 is broadcast around the world. 274 00:14:11,016 --> 00:14:12,418 The public response to that footage 275 00:14:12,484 --> 00:14:15,888 was overwhelming, millions and millions of hits on YouTube. 276 00:14:15,955 --> 00:14:18,691 Television stations around the globe picked it up, 277 00:14:18,757 --> 00:14:21,260 and it was repeated continuously for four days 278 00:14:21,327 --> 00:14:22,261 after the crash. 279 00:14:26,365 --> 00:14:29,134 NARRATOR: At the crash site, investigators from Indonesia's 280 00:14:29,201 --> 00:14:32,838 National Transportation Safety Committee, or NTSC, 281 00:14:32,905 --> 00:14:35,007 faced the enormous task of piecing 282 00:14:35,074 --> 00:14:38,344 together what went wrong. 283 00:14:38,410 --> 00:14:41,046 Aircraft debris is spread all along the plane's 284 00:14:41,113 --> 00:14:43,649 deadly trajectory from the runway 285 00:14:43,716 --> 00:14:46,518 to where it came to rest in the rice field. 286 00:14:46,585 --> 00:14:49,355 JOHN NANCE: An airplane is basically 287 00:14:49,421 --> 00:14:51,423 an aluminum egg shell. 288 00:14:51,490 --> 00:14:54,426 It is incredibly strong when is used the way 289 00:14:54,493 --> 00:14:55,894 it's designed to be used. 290 00:14:55,961 --> 00:14:58,631 But if you skidded off a runway at high speed, 291 00:14:58,697 --> 00:15:02,001 it's not going to stay together. 292 00:15:02,067 --> 00:15:04,536 NARRATOR: Alan Stray of the Australian Transport Safety 293 00:15:04,603 --> 00:15:07,740 Bureau joins the investigation. 294 00:15:07,806 --> 00:15:09,608 What do you got so far? 295 00:15:09,675 --> 00:15:12,244 We have to establish where did it touch down? 296 00:15:12,311 --> 00:15:14,079 Were there any runway marks? 297 00:15:14,146 --> 00:15:15,080 Did it bounce? 298 00:15:15,147 --> 00:15:16,849 Did it skid? 299 00:15:16,915 --> 00:15:19,718 What are the distinguishing features on the runway that 300 00:15:19,785 --> 00:15:23,422 may help us build a picture of what was happening 301 00:15:23,489 --> 00:15:25,224 at the time of the accident. 302 00:15:25,291 --> 00:15:28,627 Let's get the full team out to runway nine. 303 00:15:28,694 --> 00:15:31,163 NARRATOR: Stray knows that the relatives of the dead 304 00:15:31,230 --> 00:15:35,267 are already demanding answers. 305 00:15:35,334 --> 00:15:36,535 GEOFFREY THOMAS: Because there were so 306 00:15:36,602 --> 00:15:38,504 many international people on board 307 00:15:38,570 --> 00:15:41,240 this aircraft, some of whom had died, 308 00:15:41,307 --> 00:15:46,011 there was intense pressure to deliver. 309 00:15:46,078 --> 00:15:47,813 NARRATOR: Investigators search for clues 310 00:15:47,880 --> 00:15:51,617 to explain why Garuda flight 200 bounced off the runway 311 00:15:51,684 --> 00:15:52,885 and crashed. 312 00:15:52,951 --> 00:15:57,323 It looks like they hit pretty hard. 313 00:15:57,389 --> 00:15:59,491 NARRATOR: They discovered gouges and shattered pieces 314 00:15:59,558 --> 00:16:02,294 of landing gear on the runway, clear signs 315 00:16:02,361 --> 00:16:08,067 that the plane slammed down with unusual force. 316 00:16:08,133 --> 00:16:12,538 The nose wheel digging in and fracturing 317 00:16:12,604 --> 00:16:19,111 was indicative of a very hard G-Force on that impact. 318 00:16:20,112 --> 00:16:21,180 NARRATOR: It's also clear the plane 319 00:16:21,246 --> 00:16:23,916 hit the runway more than once. 320 00:16:23,982 --> 00:16:25,818 More skid marks here. 321 00:16:25,884 --> 00:16:29,221 The idea of walking the site is to establish 322 00:16:29,288 --> 00:16:31,957 a sequence of the events. 323 00:16:32,024 --> 00:16:33,559 First impact here. 324 00:16:33,625 --> 00:16:35,728 Being very careful not to disturb 325 00:16:35,794 --> 00:16:37,396 any perishable evidence. 326 00:16:37,463 --> 00:16:44,436 So 1, 2, 3, then off the end of the runway. 327 00:16:45,738 --> 00:16:50,109 There was a lot of questioning and trying to establish 328 00:16:50,175 --> 00:16:55,047 why did the aircraft bounce? 329 00:16:55,114 --> 00:16:56,815 Hang on a minute. 330 00:16:56,882 --> 00:16:58,851 NARRATOR: The location of the first skid mark 331 00:16:58,917 --> 00:17:03,021 gives investigators a crucial lead. 332 00:17:03,088 --> 00:17:07,326 ALAN STRAY: How far are we from the threshold of the runway? 333 00:17:07,393 --> 00:17:10,028 860 meters. 334 00:17:10,095 --> 00:17:12,264 Yikes, that's more than a third of the runway. 335 00:17:12,331 --> 00:17:13,599 It landed long. 336 00:17:13,665 --> 00:17:16,568 It didn't touch down till a long way into the runway. 337 00:17:16,635 --> 00:17:19,905 The distance of the touchdown from the threshold 338 00:17:19,972 --> 00:17:25,277 raised serious questions in the minds of the investigators. 339 00:17:25,344 --> 00:17:27,446 So it comes in long. 340 00:17:27,513 --> 00:17:32,718 He hits hard, and bounce. 341 00:17:32,785 --> 00:17:35,287 Let's gather up as much weather data as we can. 342 00:17:35,354 --> 00:17:39,458 We're very keen to establish was there 343 00:17:39,525 --> 00:17:42,661 a weather situation, a wind or a downdraft, 344 00:17:42,728 --> 00:17:44,730 a strong tail wind. 345 00:17:44,797 --> 00:17:46,632 NARRATOR: Stray suspects wind shear 346 00:17:46,698 --> 00:17:48,767 might explain what he sees. 347 00:17:48,834 --> 00:17:52,070 ALAN STRAY: Like this and like this. 348 00:17:52,137 --> 00:17:53,605 NARRATOR: Wind shear can produce 349 00:17:53,672 --> 00:17:56,041 violent updrafts and downdrafts that 350 00:17:56,108 --> 00:17:58,010 are impossible to fly through. 351 00:17:58,076 --> 00:18:00,179 Close to the ground, it can be deadly. 352 00:18:02,281 --> 00:18:04,349 JOHN NANCE: Especially in the age of climate change, 353 00:18:04,416 --> 00:18:07,586 we've got more and more violent winds, gust fronts, 354 00:18:07,653 --> 00:18:09,455 downdrafts, things of this nature, 355 00:18:09,521 --> 00:18:11,824 and sometimes, microbursts. 356 00:18:11,890 --> 00:18:14,193 NARRATOR: Investigators check with tower controllers 357 00:18:14,259 --> 00:18:15,761 to find out what kind of weather 358 00:18:15,828 --> 00:18:18,997 the pilots were facing as they descended toward the airport. 359 00:18:19,064 --> 00:18:21,300 Here, take a look. 360 00:18:21,366 --> 00:18:24,670 Surface winds were completely calm. 361 00:18:24,736 --> 00:18:26,872 NARRATOR: The weather data shows there were strong winds 362 00:18:26,939 --> 00:18:31,243 at high altitudes. 363 00:18:31,310 --> 00:18:34,079 But the winds near the runway were calm. 364 00:18:34,146 --> 00:18:36,548 There's no sign of the kind of downdrafts that could 365 00:18:36,615 --> 00:18:38,951 force a plane to the ground. 366 00:18:39,017 --> 00:18:42,221 That wind tapered right off, and there was ample time 367 00:18:42,287 --> 00:18:45,557 for the crew to establish the aircraft 368 00:18:45,624 --> 00:18:51,330 in a stabilized approach from 1,000 feet. 369 00:18:51,396 --> 00:18:52,965 NARRATOR: Indonesian police launch 370 00:18:53,031 --> 00:18:58,303 a criminal investigation into the accident. 371 00:18:58,370 --> 00:19:01,373 They bring the captain in for questioning. 372 00:19:01,440 --> 00:19:03,208 For crash investigators, the move 373 00:19:03,275 --> 00:19:07,145 has unfortunate consequences. 374 00:19:07,212 --> 00:19:09,715 I really have nothing more to say. 375 00:19:09,781 --> 00:19:11,083 I'm sorry. 376 00:19:11,149 --> 00:19:13,685 BRENT HAYWARD: In cases where the investigation becomes 377 00:19:13,752 --> 00:19:15,220 criminalized, and particularly when 378 00:19:15,287 --> 00:19:17,890 that happens early on, if we have police 379 00:19:17,956 --> 00:19:20,492 involved or lawyers involved-- 380 00:19:20,559 --> 00:19:22,594 We did everything by the book. 381 00:19:22,661 --> 00:19:24,096 BRENT HAYWARD: --that can intimidate people. 382 00:19:24,162 --> 00:19:27,366 And it can lead to them not cooperating effectively 383 00:19:27,432 --> 00:19:29,535 with investigators. 384 00:19:29,601 --> 00:19:31,970 NARRATOR: With the flight crew under criminal suspicion 385 00:19:32,037 --> 00:19:34,406 and reluctant to talk, investigators 386 00:19:34,473 --> 00:19:38,310 must look for other leads. 387 00:19:38,377 --> 00:19:41,513 Downloading the plane's black boxes, or flight recorders, 388 00:19:41,580 --> 00:19:44,016 is now a top priority. 389 00:19:44,082 --> 00:19:46,585 Investigators quickly recover them from the wreckage 390 00:19:46,652 --> 00:19:48,820 and send them for analysis. 391 00:19:48,887 --> 00:19:51,523 All right, let's get these to the lab. 392 00:19:51,590 --> 00:19:53,992 Now, the flight recorders are vitally important. 393 00:19:54,059 --> 00:19:56,361 It's important to get as much information 394 00:19:56,428 --> 00:19:58,530 from them, early information, so 395 00:19:58,597 --> 00:20:03,502 that it may direct the thrust of the investigation. 396 00:20:03,569 --> 00:20:06,338 Without that data, we're screwed. 397 00:20:06,405 --> 00:20:07,773 NARRATOR: Meanwhile, investigators 398 00:20:07,839 --> 00:20:10,709 focus their attention on the crash site. 399 00:20:10,776 --> 00:20:13,045 Every detail is a possible clue. 400 00:20:13,111 --> 00:20:16,214 What I want to know is why they didn't stop 401 00:20:16,281 --> 00:20:18,784 at the end of this runway. 402 00:20:18,850 --> 00:20:20,586 The investigation was initially concerned 403 00:20:20,652 --> 00:20:24,022 about the touchdown point and the remaining 404 00:20:24,089 --> 00:20:26,925 distance on the runway. 405 00:20:26,992 --> 00:20:28,160 Is that the runway map? 406 00:20:28,226 --> 00:20:30,529 NARRATOR: They wonder if, after coming in long, 407 00:20:30,596 --> 00:20:32,631 the plane simply didn't have enough runway 408 00:20:32,698 --> 00:20:35,734 left to stop safely. 409 00:20:35,801 --> 00:20:37,970 JOHN NANCE: Even with a two or three mile runway, 410 00:20:38,036 --> 00:20:40,839 you've got a finite patch of concrete 411 00:20:40,906 --> 00:20:42,441 on which to land an airplane. 412 00:20:42,507 --> 00:20:48,513 They touched down here, 860 meters from the threshold. 413 00:20:48,580 --> 00:20:52,851 Now, that gives him just over 1,300 meters to stop. 414 00:20:52,918 --> 00:20:54,553 NARRATOR: The runway in Yogyakarta 415 00:20:54,620 --> 00:20:56,355 is shorter than the runways at many 416 00:20:56,421 --> 00:20:58,490 other international airports. 417 00:20:58,557 --> 00:21:00,926 But even though the pilots touched down late, 418 00:21:00,993 --> 00:21:03,428 Stray calculates they still had enough room 419 00:21:03,495 --> 00:21:05,597 to stop their plane. 420 00:21:05,664 --> 00:21:08,900 He had more than enough runway. 421 00:21:08,967 --> 00:21:11,937 The length of the runway was completely adequate 422 00:21:12,004 --> 00:21:15,540 for a Boeing 737 landing. 423 00:21:15,607 --> 00:21:18,410 NARRATOR: Investigators need to dig deeper. 424 00:21:18,477 --> 00:21:21,113 We need to know why this plane didn't slow down 425 00:21:21,179 --> 00:21:23,248 once it was on the ground. 426 00:21:23,315 --> 00:21:26,985 I want to take a close look at everything. 427 00:21:27,052 --> 00:21:28,920 NARRATOR: They begin a painstaking analysis 428 00:21:28,987 --> 00:21:32,958 of the major mechanical systems on the 737, 429 00:21:33,025 --> 00:21:35,694 especially those designed to help the plane slow down 430 00:21:35,761 --> 00:21:39,264 and stop on landing, brakes, spoilers, 431 00:21:39,331 --> 00:21:42,200 and thrust reversers. 432 00:21:42,267 --> 00:21:44,569 ALAN STRAY: Was there a mechanical failure? 433 00:21:44,636 --> 00:21:47,339 Looking at the performance of the aircraft, 434 00:21:47,406 --> 00:21:52,711 was it physically possible for the aircraft to stop? 435 00:21:52,778 --> 00:21:54,479 NARRATOR: The careful analysis of the plane's 436 00:21:54,546 --> 00:21:58,450 mechanical systems provides a potential breakthrough. 437 00:21:58,517 --> 00:22:03,955 I think we got something here. 438 00:22:07,893 --> 00:22:09,194 NARRATOR: A review of the maintenance 439 00:22:09,261 --> 00:22:14,266 log for Garuda flight 200 turns up an intriguing lead. 440 00:22:14,332 --> 00:22:16,435 ALAN STRAY: There had been a write up on a couple 441 00:22:16,501 --> 00:22:18,804 of occasions of thrust reversal failure 442 00:22:18,870 --> 00:22:20,038 on one thrust reverser. 443 00:22:21,339 --> 00:22:23,008 NARRATOR: The thrust reversers redirect 444 00:22:23,075 --> 00:22:25,544 the jet's engine exhaust forward to help the plane 445 00:22:25,610 --> 00:22:26,545 slow down on the runway. 446 00:22:28,747 --> 00:22:29,848 JOHN NANCE: You've got to remember, 447 00:22:29,915 --> 00:22:31,083 it's not just a matter of kissing 448 00:22:31,149 --> 00:22:32,317 the wheels onto the ground. 449 00:22:32,384 --> 00:22:34,686 It's a matter of dissipating a tremendous amount 450 00:22:34,753 --> 00:22:37,022 of energy, a tremendous amount of kinetic energy. 451 00:22:37,089 --> 00:22:38,023 How do you do that? 452 00:22:38,090 --> 00:22:39,224 Well, you do it with the friction 453 00:22:39,291 --> 00:22:40,625 between the tires and the runway, 454 00:22:40,692 --> 00:22:41,993 hopefully, using antiskid. 455 00:22:42,060 --> 00:22:43,028 You do it with reverse thrust. 456 00:22:44,096 --> 00:22:45,997 AI: Pull up. 457 00:22:48,066 --> 00:22:49,968 We're not stopping! 458 00:22:50,035 --> 00:22:51,436 No thrust reverser. 459 00:22:54,372 --> 00:22:57,042 NARRATOR: Investigators wonder if a malfunctioning thrust 460 00:22:57,109 --> 00:22:59,745 reverser explains why the crew couldn't stop 461 00:22:59,811 --> 00:23:01,713 before they ran out of runway. 462 00:23:01,780 --> 00:23:02,981 Full brakes! 463 00:23:03,048 --> 00:23:05,417 But at the end of the day, you still have 464 00:23:05,484 --> 00:23:07,285 to dissipate all that energy. 465 00:23:07,352 --> 00:23:08,787 And if you don't have enough room to do it, 466 00:23:08,854 --> 00:23:10,021 you're off the end. 467 00:23:17,496 --> 00:23:19,431 NARRATOR: But it's another dead end. 468 00:23:19,498 --> 00:23:21,133 According to the maintenance records, 469 00:23:21,199 --> 00:23:23,101 the faulty thrust reverser was repaired 470 00:23:23,168 --> 00:23:26,004 before flight 200 took off. 471 00:23:26,071 --> 00:23:29,508 Looks like they fixed it. 472 00:23:29,574 --> 00:23:32,911 That had been rectified prior to this flight 473 00:23:32,978 --> 00:23:34,579 departing from Jakarta. 474 00:23:34,646 --> 00:23:41,653 And so there was no paperwork evidence of a failure. 475 00:23:45,423 --> 00:23:47,459 NARRATOR: Investigators are going to need another lead. 476 00:23:47,526 --> 00:23:50,295 NARRATOR: 477 00:23:50,362 --> 00:23:52,831 We don't deal in speculation. 478 00:23:52,898 --> 00:23:53,832 We want facts. 479 00:23:55,667 --> 00:23:59,571 NARRATOR: The facts so far are limited. 480 00:23:59,638 --> 00:24:02,440 The 737 careened into a rice field 481 00:24:02,507 --> 00:24:04,776 after slamming to the ground almost a third 482 00:24:04,843 --> 00:24:06,178 of the way down the runway. 483 00:24:09,314 --> 00:24:12,083 The question is, why? 484 00:24:12,150 --> 00:24:15,220 Was the plane configured properly? 485 00:24:15,287 --> 00:24:17,722 Perhaps there was something wrong with the wing flaps 486 00:24:17,789 --> 00:24:20,425 pilots rely on for landing. 487 00:24:20,492 --> 00:24:24,396 The flap system on a modern jetliner like a 737 488 00:24:24,462 --> 00:24:26,731 create greater lift, and that means 489 00:24:26,798 --> 00:24:28,133 that we can approach an airport or we 490 00:24:28,200 --> 00:24:29,801 can take off from an airport with a much 491 00:24:29,868 --> 00:24:31,570 lower and safer airspeed. 492 00:24:33,138 --> 00:24:36,308 NARRATOR: The team scrutinizes the mechanical rods or screw 493 00:24:36,374 --> 00:24:39,411 jacks that move the flaps. 494 00:24:39,477 --> 00:24:41,346 ALAN STRAY: We needed to look at the flap setting. 495 00:24:41,413 --> 00:24:47,419 What flap setting can we establish from the wreckage? 496 00:24:47,485 --> 00:24:51,923 We measured the screw jack extension to establish 497 00:24:51,990 --> 00:24:54,860 what the flap setting was. 498 00:24:54,926 --> 00:24:57,863 NARRATOR: What they find is astonishing. 499 00:24:57,929 --> 00:25:00,098 It doesn't look like the flaps are all the way out. 500 00:25:00,165 --> 00:25:01,700 NARRATOR: The screw jacks show a flap 501 00:25:01,766 --> 00:25:04,269 setting of just five degrees, not nearly 502 00:25:04,336 --> 00:25:06,371 enough for a safe landing. 503 00:25:06,438 --> 00:25:07,772 ALAN STRAY: We just could not believe 504 00:25:07,839 --> 00:25:12,110 that the aircraft would have landed with only five degrees. 505 00:25:12,177 --> 00:25:14,145 NARRATOR: To provide enough lift on landing, 506 00:25:14,212 --> 00:25:17,449 the flaps of a 737 are usually extended step 507 00:25:17,515 --> 00:25:20,585 by step from zero all the way to 40 degrees 508 00:25:20,652 --> 00:25:25,390 as the plane slows and descends towards the runway. 509 00:25:25,457 --> 00:25:29,261 It's hard to overstate the value of the flap systems 510 00:25:29,327 --> 00:25:31,796 on a modern jetliner. 511 00:25:31,863 --> 00:25:34,132 NARRATOR: Investigators aren't sure how the flaps 512 00:25:34,199 --> 00:25:36,835 ended up at only five degrees. 513 00:25:36,902 --> 00:25:39,371 The flap mechanism was damaged in the crash 514 00:25:39,437 --> 00:25:42,474 and may have moved on impact. 515 00:25:42,540 --> 00:25:44,743 To be certain of how the flaps were set, 516 00:25:44,809 --> 00:25:47,646 they need to know what's on the flight recorders. 517 00:25:47,712 --> 00:25:50,181 We need that data from the black boxes. 518 00:25:54,085 --> 00:25:57,889 NARRATOR: Some of that data is proving elusive. 519 00:25:57,956 --> 00:26:00,592 Australian technicians have been unable to download 520 00:26:00,659 --> 00:26:02,260 the cockpit voice recording. 521 00:26:02,327 --> 00:26:04,062 It's a huge blow. 522 00:26:04,129 --> 00:26:06,564 BRENT HAYWARD: If you don't have access to the CVR, 523 00:26:06,631 --> 00:26:10,502 for whatever reason, then it's very difficult to understand 524 00:26:10,568 --> 00:26:13,104 what went on in the cockpit. 525 00:26:13,171 --> 00:26:15,407 NARRATOR: Desperate to hear what's on the device, 526 00:26:15,473 --> 00:26:18,209 investigators send it to the US manufacturer 527 00:26:18,276 --> 00:26:21,746 hoping experts there can recover the recording. 528 00:26:21,813 --> 00:26:24,749 ALAN STRAY: So steps were taken to hand carry 529 00:26:24,816 --> 00:26:28,253 the recorder to the factory so that the data 530 00:26:28,320 --> 00:26:30,822 could be downloaded. 531 00:26:30,889 --> 00:26:32,357 NARRATOR: Crash investigators are having 532 00:26:32,424 --> 00:26:34,326 better luck with the second black box, 533 00:26:34,392 --> 00:26:37,128 the flight data recorder. 534 00:26:37,195 --> 00:26:40,832 They've managed to download all of its stored information. 535 00:26:40,899 --> 00:26:42,400 ALAN STRAY: We were able to get information 536 00:26:42,467 --> 00:26:45,103 about the flaps settings, the speed on the approach, 537 00:26:45,170 --> 00:26:49,474 the thrust reverser deployment, the dynamics of the approach 538 00:26:49,541 --> 00:26:51,543 and landing itself. 539 00:26:51,609 --> 00:26:53,945 NARRATOR: The data reveals the 737 540 00:26:54,012 --> 00:26:56,681 was coming in for its landing blazingly fast. 541 00:26:56,748 --> 00:26:58,116 AI: Pull up. - Too low. 542 00:26:58,183 --> 00:26:59,417 Terrain. 543 00:26:59,484 --> 00:27:01,052 NARRATOR: Flight 200 hit the ground 544 00:27:01,119 --> 00:27:03,321 at over 250 miles an hour-- 545 00:27:04,622 --> 00:27:07,692 --more than 100 miles an hour faster than normal. 546 00:27:07,759 --> 00:27:08,960 We're not stopping! 547 00:27:09,027 --> 00:27:10,395 JOHN NANCE: This is a ridiculous amount 548 00:27:10,462 --> 00:27:13,798 of speed to approach an airport with the intent of landing. 549 00:27:15,100 --> 00:27:16,968 NARRATOR: The plane's speed at impact 550 00:27:17,035 --> 00:27:19,871 is so fast it bounces twice before skidding 551 00:27:19,938 --> 00:27:20,872 into the rice field. 552 00:27:23,575 --> 00:27:27,112 ALAN STRAY: The speed of the aircraft on short final 553 00:27:27,178 --> 00:27:33,351 and on touchdown is so excessive there was 554 00:27:33,418 --> 00:27:34,352 no way it was going to stop. 555 00:27:36,521 --> 00:27:37,789 NARRATOR: But why did the pilots 556 00:27:37,856 --> 00:27:39,657 touch down on the runway at such 557 00:27:39,724 --> 00:27:42,727 a catastrophically high speed? 558 00:27:44,195 --> 00:27:45,530 Pull up the data for the flaps. 559 00:27:45,597 --> 00:27:48,533 Would you, please? 560 00:27:48,600 --> 00:27:55,040 There, the flaps were set for five degrees. 561 00:27:55,106 --> 00:27:58,676 Never more than five degrees. 562 00:27:58,743 --> 00:28:00,712 NARRATOR: The data confirms what the screw jack 563 00:28:00,779 --> 00:28:02,847 suggested to investigators. 564 00:28:02,914 --> 00:28:05,483 The flaps on flight 200's wings were 565 00:28:05,550 --> 00:28:10,121 in a bizarre position, one that is never used during landing. 566 00:28:10,188 --> 00:28:13,425 It's not operational procedure to land with flaps 567 00:28:13,491 --> 00:28:17,562 five unless there is a jammed flap 568 00:28:17,629 --> 00:28:19,864 and it cannot be extended. 569 00:28:19,931 --> 00:28:21,966 NARRATOR: Investigators are left with an alarming 570 00:28:22,033 --> 00:28:25,470 possibility, that the plane crashed because the pilots 571 00:28:25,537 --> 00:28:28,306 touched down without performing one of the most critical 572 00:28:28,373 --> 00:28:31,309 steps needed for any landing. 573 00:28:31,376 --> 00:28:34,012 To hear an airplane that has been in an accident 574 00:28:34,079 --> 00:28:35,847 because of overrunning the runway 575 00:28:35,914 --> 00:28:40,718 had a flap setting of only five in a 737 is very disturbing. 576 00:28:40,785 --> 00:28:42,754 NARRATOR: Why the crew failed to set their flaps 577 00:28:42,821 --> 00:28:45,056 properly remains a troubling question. 578 00:28:47,926 --> 00:28:51,262 Meanwhile, media reports erode public confidence 579 00:28:51,329 --> 00:28:54,899 in Garuda Indonesia airways. 580 00:28:54,966 --> 00:28:57,635 The accident affected, negatively, 581 00:28:57,702 --> 00:28:59,571 Garuda's reputation, but they had had 582 00:28:59,637 --> 00:29:02,340 other problems in the past. 583 00:29:02,407 --> 00:29:05,677 NARRATOR: In 2002, Garuda flight 421 584 00:29:05,743 --> 00:29:07,846 was forced to ditch in a small river 585 00:29:07,912 --> 00:29:09,581 after both engines flamed out. 586 00:29:11,616 --> 00:29:17,055 And in 1997, Garuda flight 152 slammed into a ravine killing 587 00:29:17,122 --> 00:29:20,558 all 234 people on board. 588 00:29:20,625 --> 00:29:25,296 Garuda's record at that stage was just a series of accidents 589 00:29:25,363 --> 00:29:28,967 and incidents with large numbers 590 00:29:29,033 --> 00:29:32,237 of people losing their lives. 591 00:29:32,303 --> 00:29:34,339 NARRATOR: In the wake of this latest disaster, 592 00:29:34,405 --> 00:29:37,142 Garuda is banned from landing at any airport 593 00:29:37,208 --> 00:29:38,176 in the European Union. 594 00:29:42,714 --> 00:29:44,949 The fate of Indonesia's national airline 595 00:29:45,016 --> 00:29:47,285 could be at stake if investigators 596 00:29:47,352 --> 00:29:50,155 can't figure out what went wrong on board Garuda 597 00:29:50,221 --> 00:29:57,462 flight 200. 598 00:29:59,864 --> 00:30:01,099 Finally. 599 00:30:01,166 --> 00:30:03,668 NARRATOR: After a painstaking data recovery process, 600 00:30:03,735 --> 00:30:05,670 investigators can finally listen 601 00:30:05,737 --> 00:30:09,574 to the cockpit voice recording from Garuda flight 200. 602 00:30:09,641 --> 00:30:12,143 ALAN STRAY: Fortunately, the recorder specialists 603 00:30:12,210 --> 00:30:15,180 at the laboratories are a tenacious breed, 604 00:30:15,246 --> 00:30:17,682 and they do not give up easily. 605 00:30:17,749 --> 00:30:19,217 NARRATOR: But while the sounds captured 606 00:30:19,284 --> 00:30:22,387 in the cockpit shed light on the decisions and actions 607 00:30:22,453 --> 00:30:24,589 of the flight crew? 608 00:30:24,656 --> 00:30:29,093 OK, let's hear it. 609 00:30:29,160 --> 00:30:30,862 PILOT (ON RECORDING): When we're cleared, we approach 610 00:30:30,929 --> 00:30:33,631 runway nine, course 088. 611 00:30:33,698 --> 00:30:36,267 NARRATOR: Investigators listen as the crew discusses 612 00:30:36,334 --> 00:30:37,502 their plans for landing. 613 00:30:37,569 --> 00:30:38,903 BRENT HAYWARD: What you're doing 614 00:30:38,970 --> 00:30:42,507 is listening for the atmosphere and the tone, the ambience, 615 00:30:42,574 --> 00:30:44,943 if you like, in the cockpit. 616 00:30:45,009 --> 00:30:47,879 Approach flaps 40, auto brake two, 617 00:30:47,946 --> 00:30:51,349 with air speed approximately 141 knots. 618 00:30:51,416 --> 00:30:55,687 On landing, park in the stand to the left. 619 00:30:55,753 --> 00:30:58,389 Now, they know they need 40 to land, 620 00:30:58,456 --> 00:31:00,825 but they only get five. 621 00:31:00,892 --> 00:31:03,761 What's going on? 622 00:31:03,828 --> 00:31:04,996 Approach briefing complete. 623 00:31:08,733 --> 00:31:11,169 NARRATOR: At first, there's no sign the crew is worried. 624 00:31:11,236 --> 00:31:13,238 PILOT (ON RECORDING): 625 00:31:13,304 --> 00:31:16,274 The captain certainly doesn't sound stressed. 626 00:31:16,341 --> 00:31:20,845 NARRATOR: Then, the first hint that something is going wrong. 627 00:31:20,912 --> 00:31:22,847 Looks like we're not going to hit the glide slope. 628 00:31:22,914 --> 00:31:24,949 NARRATOR: The plane is too high for this distance 629 00:31:25,016 --> 00:31:26,618 from the airport. 630 00:31:26,684 --> 00:31:27,752 Better get down a little faster. 631 00:31:34,125 --> 00:31:35,727 NARRATOR: To land smoothly, planes 632 00:31:35,793 --> 00:31:37,962 need to lose enough speed and altitude 633 00:31:38,029 --> 00:31:42,367 to descend gradually and meet the runway at a shallow angle. 634 00:31:44,802 --> 00:31:48,072 Flight 200 is much too high. 635 00:31:48,139 --> 00:31:54,012 OK, he's a bit behind, but it shouldn't be a problem yet. 636 00:31:54,078 --> 00:31:56,681 NARRATOR: Stray compares the descent of flight 200 637 00:31:56,748 --> 00:32:00,785 with the flight path they should have been flying. 638 00:32:00,852 --> 00:32:02,987 It is not unusual to be a little behind 639 00:32:03,054 --> 00:32:04,956 in terms of slowing down and especially 640 00:32:05,023 --> 00:32:06,124 in terms of descending. 641 00:32:06,190 --> 00:32:08,326 And sometimes, you find yourself high and fast, 642 00:32:08,393 --> 00:32:10,595 and you've got to make a decision. 643 00:32:10,662 --> 00:32:12,430 He definitely has some work to do 644 00:32:12,497 --> 00:32:14,232 if he hopes to get on track. 645 00:32:14,299 --> 00:32:18,102 Check speed, flaps 15. 646 00:32:18,169 --> 00:32:21,506 Flaps five. 647 00:32:21,572 --> 00:32:24,642 Captain is calling for flaps 15. 648 00:32:24,709 --> 00:32:27,011 Why is he saying flaps five? 649 00:32:27,078 --> 00:32:28,279 Flaps 15. 650 00:32:28,346 --> 00:32:31,049 NARRATOR: Something is very wrong in this cockpit. 651 00:32:31,115 --> 00:32:33,084 Check speed, flaps 15. 652 00:32:33,151 --> 00:32:34,519 NARRATOR: The captain repeatedly 653 00:32:34,585 --> 00:32:36,387 tells the first officer to increase 654 00:32:36,454 --> 00:32:38,323 the flaps to 15 degrees. 655 00:32:38,389 --> 00:32:42,760 But the first officer never moves them past five degrees. 656 00:32:42,827 --> 00:32:43,761 Flaps 15. 657 00:32:47,398 --> 00:32:50,702 It's like they're not even in the same cockpit. 658 00:32:50,768 --> 00:32:53,771 NARRATOR: Landing demands precise crew coordination. 659 00:32:53,838 --> 00:32:55,940 But as they speed towards the runway, 660 00:32:56,007 --> 00:32:57,742 the captain and his first officer 661 00:32:57,809 --> 00:33:00,445 seem to be ignoring each other. 662 00:33:00,511 --> 00:33:02,146 There's a lot of evidence that this crew 663 00:33:02,213 --> 00:33:03,181 was not thinking it through. 664 00:33:03,247 --> 00:33:04,749 They weren't situationally aware. 665 00:33:04,816 --> 00:33:05,750 They weren't communicating. 666 00:33:10,722 --> 00:33:13,891 OK, first things first. 667 00:33:13,958 --> 00:33:16,327 Why did the first officer ignore the captain 668 00:33:16,394 --> 00:33:18,629 and leave the plane at flaps five? 669 00:33:18,696 --> 00:33:19,997 JOHN NANCE: It's very perplexing. 670 00:33:20,064 --> 00:33:22,767 If you've got professional pilots, we can make mistakes. 671 00:33:22,834 --> 00:33:25,269 But usually, that's why we've got two people up there so 672 00:33:25,336 --> 00:33:26,537 one catches the other. 673 00:33:26,604 --> 00:33:27,538 AI: Pull up! 674 00:33:29,507 --> 00:33:32,543 NARRATOR: Investigators suspect the high speed at landing 675 00:33:32,610 --> 00:33:34,912 explains the first officer's decision not 676 00:33:34,979 --> 00:33:37,715 to increase the flap setting. 677 00:33:37,782 --> 00:33:41,886 Way too fast for flaps 15. 678 00:33:41,953 --> 00:33:44,689 NARRATOR: Flaps can be damaged by excessive drag. 679 00:33:44,756 --> 00:33:47,358 And when the captain calls for flaps 15, 680 00:33:47,425 --> 00:33:50,995 the plane is speeding at over 250 miles an hour, 681 00:33:51,062 --> 00:33:55,032 much too fast to safely extend the flaps any further. 682 00:33:55,099 --> 00:33:56,033 Flaps 15. 683 00:33:59,237 --> 00:34:01,806 NARRATOR: The plane is moving so quickly that wind drag 684 00:34:01,873 --> 00:34:03,908 could tear the flaps right off the wings 685 00:34:03,975 --> 00:34:06,844 if the flaps are extended past five degrees. 686 00:34:09,213 --> 00:34:12,250 I can very well understand why the first officer did not 687 00:34:12,316 --> 00:34:14,285 comply on going to flaps 15. 688 00:34:14,352 --> 00:34:17,889 They're grossly over speeding flaps five. 689 00:34:17,955 --> 00:34:19,957 The first officer was exactly right in not 690 00:34:20,024 --> 00:34:21,692 putting them down. 691 00:34:21,759 --> 00:34:26,097 All right, they were moving too fast to deploy the flaps. 692 00:34:26,164 --> 00:34:29,133 But why didn't the first officer say something, 693 00:34:29,200 --> 00:34:32,737 tell the captain to slow down? 694 00:34:32,804 --> 00:34:35,506 One of the issues was that he didn't communicate 695 00:34:35,573 --> 00:34:38,643 his reasoning for not responding 696 00:34:38,709 --> 00:34:41,512 to those commands for flap 15. 697 00:34:41,579 --> 00:34:44,582 He didn't communicate that to the captain. 698 00:34:44,649 --> 00:34:47,285 When you take a pristine Monday morning quarterback, 699 00:34:47,351 --> 00:34:49,053 look at this, regardless of airline, 700 00:34:49,120 --> 00:34:50,755 regardless of culture, it's very clear 701 00:34:50,822 --> 00:34:52,723 that the copilot should have said, captain, 702 00:34:52,790 --> 00:34:53,958 I got the airplane. 703 00:34:54,025 --> 00:34:56,761 But what it tells me here is that this co-pilot 704 00:34:56,828 --> 00:34:59,397 did not feel that he could speak up one way or another. 705 00:35:00,832 --> 00:35:03,768 NARRATOR: Even more bizarre, why didn't the captain react 706 00:35:03,835 --> 00:35:06,170 to the loud alarm sounding in the cockpit 707 00:35:06,237 --> 00:35:07,505 just moments before the first impact? 708 00:35:07,572 --> 00:35:08,739 - Go around, captain! 709 00:35:08,806 --> 00:35:09,707 Go around! 710 00:35:10,842 --> 00:35:11,809 AI: Pull up. 711 00:35:11,876 --> 00:35:13,211 Landing checklist completed, right? 712 00:35:13,277 --> 00:35:14,212 AI: Pull up. 713 00:35:14,278 --> 00:35:15,680 Too low. Terrain. 714 00:35:15,746 --> 00:35:17,582 Pull up. 715 00:35:17,648 --> 00:35:20,384 It's a tough one to ignore. 716 00:35:20,451 --> 00:35:22,086 There's nothing subtle about it. 717 00:35:22,153 --> 00:35:23,654 NARRATOR: The ground proximity warning 718 00:35:23,721 --> 00:35:25,923 is a clear signal to a pilot that he's 719 00:35:25,990 --> 00:35:26,924 flying dangerously low. 720 00:35:27,992 --> 00:35:29,026 AI: Airspeed low. 721 00:35:29,093 --> 00:35:31,963 There were 15 ground proximity alerts 722 00:35:32,029 --> 00:35:35,633 and warnings during that final stage of the approach. 723 00:35:35,700 --> 00:35:38,236 When a crew member hears that, there 724 00:35:38,302 --> 00:35:39,670 should be instant action. 725 00:35:39,737 --> 00:35:41,172 AI: Pull up. 726 00:35:41,239 --> 00:35:42,974 NARRATOR: Instead of aborting the landing, 727 00:35:43,040 --> 00:35:46,611 the captain does something that baffles investigators. 728 00:35:46,677 --> 00:35:47,745 Go round, captain! 729 00:35:47,812 --> 00:35:48,746 Go around! 730 00:35:50,014 --> 00:35:51,883 Landing checklist completed, right? 731 00:35:51,949 --> 00:35:54,252 NARRATOR: He asks the first officer if the landing 732 00:35:54,318 --> 00:35:56,621 checklist is complete. 733 00:35:56,687 --> 00:35:58,723 Landing checklist? 734 00:35:58,789 --> 00:36:00,091 I never heard anything like this. 735 00:36:01,158 --> 00:36:02,727 AI: Pull up. 736 00:36:02,793 --> 00:36:05,863 When the copilot called for the captain to go around 737 00:36:05,930 --> 00:36:09,033 and the captain responded landing checklist complete, 738 00:36:09,100 --> 00:36:13,604 it was just something that we could not understand. 739 00:36:13,671 --> 00:36:15,039 I was appalled. 740 00:36:15,106 --> 00:36:17,441 This was industry worst practice 741 00:36:17,508 --> 00:36:21,946 for crew resource management, a pilot ignoring 15 warnings? 742 00:36:22,013 --> 00:36:25,349 Ignoring two pleas by a copilot to go around, 743 00:36:25,416 --> 00:36:28,419 and landing 79 knots too fast? 744 00:36:28,486 --> 00:36:29,420 This was atrocious. 745 00:36:31,055 --> 00:36:32,590 NARRATOR: For investigators, the question 746 00:36:32,657 --> 00:36:35,059 remains, why did the crew continue 747 00:36:35,126 --> 00:36:37,662 with the landing that was clearly heading for disaster? 748 00:36:42,099 --> 00:36:45,002 Personnel files reveal both Garuda pilots are 749 00:36:45,069 --> 00:36:48,773 fully licensed and certified. 750 00:36:48,839 --> 00:36:53,544 The captain, in particular, has many years of experience. 751 00:36:53,611 --> 00:36:55,947 But his dangerously fast landing attempt 752 00:36:56,013 --> 00:36:58,215 and the poor communication in the cockpit 753 00:36:58,282 --> 00:37:00,651 lead investigators to question the quality 754 00:37:00,718 --> 00:37:03,621 of the crew's training. 755 00:37:03,688 --> 00:37:07,658 There was a much deeper look at what training 756 00:37:07,725 --> 00:37:11,596 had been provided to the crew. 757 00:37:11,662 --> 00:37:15,566 Weak situational awareness and coordination, 758 00:37:15,633 --> 00:37:20,004 poor communication, unstabilized approaches. 759 00:37:20,071 --> 00:37:23,074 NARRATOR: A review of training records for the entire airline 760 00:37:23,140 --> 00:37:25,943 uncovers a disturbing detail. 761 00:37:26,010 --> 00:37:28,779 This is not the first Garuda crew to have problems 762 00:37:28,846 --> 00:37:31,549 with a routine landing. 763 00:37:31,616 --> 00:37:36,854 We noted that in 2001 an analysis had been conducted, 764 00:37:36,921 --> 00:37:40,024 and there was a number of instances 765 00:37:40,091 --> 00:37:45,429 of unstablized approaches or fast approaches by crews. 766 00:37:45,496 --> 00:37:47,598 NARRATOR: The finding shines new light on what 767 00:37:47,665 --> 00:37:50,334 happened in Yogyakarta. 768 00:37:50,401 --> 00:37:53,571 Investigators may finally be zeroing in on the cause 769 00:37:53,638 --> 00:38:01,379 of the Garuda 200 disaster. 770 00:38:01,445 --> 00:38:02,780 Play that last bit again for me. 771 00:38:02,847 --> 00:38:04,015 Would you, please? 772 00:38:04,081 --> 00:38:06,017 NARRATOR: Investigators believe Garuda's 773 00:38:06,083 --> 00:38:08,719 poor training record helps explain the deadly landing 774 00:38:08,786 --> 00:38:09,720 in Yogyakarta. 775 00:38:11,222 --> 00:38:13,624 AI: Pull up. 776 00:38:13,691 --> 00:38:15,559 NARRATOR: High-quality training for pilots 777 00:38:15,626 --> 00:38:17,828 is absolutely critical, especially 778 00:38:17,895 --> 00:38:19,030 when they face a crisis. 779 00:38:19,096 --> 00:38:20,164 AI: Pull up. 780 00:38:20,231 --> 00:38:21,599 NARRATOR: It's one of the few things that 781 00:38:21,666 --> 00:38:24,435 can help a pilot avoid a strange psychological 782 00:38:24,502 --> 00:38:27,738 phenomenon known as fixation. 783 00:38:27,805 --> 00:38:34,111 Fixation is when we are focused on completing a task 784 00:38:34,178 --> 00:38:35,980 to the exclusion of other things 785 00:38:36,047 --> 00:38:38,115 that may be going on around us. 786 00:38:38,182 --> 00:38:42,019 JOHN NANCE: When you see people as egregiously ignoring 787 00:38:42,086 --> 00:38:44,055 all the warnings and the systems 788 00:38:44,121 --> 00:38:47,124 and the bells and the air speed and everything else here, 789 00:38:47,191 --> 00:38:48,659 you've got people who are fixated. 790 00:38:48,726 --> 00:38:49,760 AI: Pull up. 791 00:38:49,827 --> 00:38:51,762 Nothing was getting through to this guy. 792 00:38:51,829 --> 00:38:54,365 NARRATOR: Investigators theorize that the captain was 793 00:38:54,432 --> 00:38:57,468 so fixated on descending to the proper altitude 794 00:38:57,535 --> 00:38:59,770 that he didn't notice his speed. 795 00:38:59,837 --> 00:39:01,939 And even when the alarm sounded, 796 00:39:02,006 --> 00:39:05,076 he failed to realize that his plane was in grave danger. 797 00:39:07,111 --> 00:39:08,312 JOHN NANCE: It's hard to imagine 798 00:39:08,379 --> 00:39:10,047 how somebody could get to that point, 799 00:39:10,114 --> 00:39:11,682 but we have a lot of flaws. 800 00:39:11,749 --> 00:39:14,919 And part of the flaw in the case of a pilot fixating 801 00:39:14,985 --> 00:39:17,688 on a runway is that he or she can blank out 802 00:39:17,755 --> 00:39:19,957 the rest of the advice, the ground proximity warning 803 00:39:20,024 --> 00:39:20,958 system, everything. 804 00:39:23,027 --> 00:39:25,162 NARRATOR: Training helps combat fixation 805 00:39:25,229 --> 00:39:28,666 by reinforcing standard procedures designed to ensure 806 00:39:28,733 --> 00:39:31,035 pilots can break the spell and take 807 00:39:31,102 --> 00:39:32,369 in the information they need. 808 00:39:32,436 --> 00:39:33,370 AI: Pull up. 809 00:39:35,005 --> 00:39:36,741 Go round, captain! Go round! 810 00:39:36,807 --> 00:39:37,742 AI: Pull up. 811 00:39:41,045 --> 00:39:41,979 Go around! 812 00:39:42,046 --> 00:39:43,581 AI: Pull up. 813 00:39:43,647 --> 00:39:45,583 Landing checklist completed, right? 814 00:39:45,649 --> 00:39:46,951 NARRATOR: Better training might also 815 00:39:47,017 --> 00:39:48,753 have helped the first officer overcome 816 00:39:48,819 --> 00:39:52,189 his reluctance to correct the captain's mistake. 817 00:39:52,256 --> 00:39:54,492 JOHN NANCE: Without question, if the captain wasn't going 818 00:39:54,558 --> 00:39:56,660 to respond by going around, which is what he should have 819 00:39:56,727 --> 00:39:59,597 done instantly on hearing, whoop, whoop, pull up, 820 00:39:59,663 --> 00:40:01,198 the copilot should have said I've got 821 00:40:01,265 --> 00:40:02,399 it and done the same thing. 822 00:40:08,072 --> 00:40:10,775 NARRATOR: Digging further into the airlines operations, 823 00:40:10,841 --> 00:40:14,311 investigators discover another factor that could help explain 824 00:40:14,378 --> 00:40:15,980 the disastrous landing. 825 00:40:16,046 --> 00:40:19,116 Fuel efficiency incentive? 826 00:40:19,183 --> 00:40:20,818 NARRATOR: Garuda recently introduced 827 00:40:20,885 --> 00:40:25,055 a policy that rewards pilots for saving fuel. 828 00:40:25,122 --> 00:40:27,992 BRENT HAYWARD: In this case, it was a bonus 829 00:40:28,058 --> 00:40:31,562 that would be applied if people minimized 830 00:40:31,629 --> 00:40:33,564 the fuel that they used. 831 00:40:36,634 --> 00:40:38,769 NARRATOR: Aborting a landing and going around 832 00:40:38,836 --> 00:40:41,272 burns more fuel. 833 00:40:41,338 --> 00:40:43,140 But the captain denies he was trying 834 00:40:43,207 --> 00:40:46,544 to save fuel at the expense of his passenger's safety. 835 00:40:46,610 --> 00:40:50,381 He did not, at any time, seek to excuse his actions by 836 00:40:50,447 --> 00:40:52,216 blaming the company's policy. 837 00:40:52,283 --> 00:40:53,851 JOHN NANCE: We learned, in the 80s, 838 00:40:53,918 --> 00:40:55,953 that we had to get inside a pilot's head. 839 00:40:56,020 --> 00:40:58,322 We had to try to figure out what the state of mind 840 00:40:58,389 --> 00:41:00,391 was, whether he survived or not. 841 00:41:00,457 --> 00:41:02,293 In this particular case, the state of mind 842 00:41:02,359 --> 00:41:05,196 it has to be so bizarre in terms of the fixation 843 00:41:05,262 --> 00:41:06,964 on getting this airplane on the ground 844 00:41:07,031 --> 00:41:08,532 that it's really hard to understand 845 00:41:08,599 --> 00:41:10,601 how any professional airman could get there. 846 00:41:12,036 --> 00:41:14,672 NARRATOR: In 2008, Captain Marwoto Komar 847 00:41:14,738 --> 00:41:18,742 faced charges and was found guilty of negligence. 848 00:41:18,809 --> 00:41:21,545 But the conviction was overturned on appeal 849 00:41:21,612 --> 00:41:23,914 when the Indonesian high court ruled 850 00:41:23,981 --> 00:41:29,453 that prosecutors failed to convincingly prove their case. 851 00:41:29,520 --> 00:41:33,190 The public reaction was one of horror to this crash-- 852 00:41:36,060 --> 00:41:38,028 --particularly as the details came out 853 00:41:38,095 --> 00:41:40,030 about what the pilot had been doing, 854 00:41:40,097 --> 00:41:43,901 the fact that he had ignored 15 warnings. 855 00:41:43,968 --> 00:41:47,972 He'd ignored two pleas to go around by the copilot. 856 00:41:48,038 --> 00:41:52,943 He was approximately 80 knots too fast on touchdown. 857 00:41:53,010 --> 00:41:57,414 These elements just really portrayed 858 00:41:57,481 --> 00:42:00,184 this as a cowboy operation. 859 00:42:00,251 --> 00:42:01,785 NARRATOR: In their final report, 860 00:42:01,852 --> 00:42:04,388 investigators urged the airline to scrap 861 00:42:04,455 --> 00:42:07,224 the fuel incentive policy. 862 00:42:07,291 --> 00:42:08,959 BRENT HAYWARD: It's just not a good idea 863 00:42:09,026 --> 00:42:13,063 to introduce a scheme that may compromise 864 00:42:13,130 --> 00:42:16,667 safety in order to save costs. 865 00:42:16,734 --> 00:42:20,537 NARRATOR: The report also calls for improved pilot training. 866 00:42:20,604 --> 00:42:22,106 BRENT HAYWARD: We can't change their behavior. 867 00:42:22,172 --> 00:42:23,474 It's already happened. 868 00:42:23,540 --> 00:42:27,478 What we can do is to try to change those conditions that 869 00:42:27,544 --> 00:42:29,747 influence their behavior so that we can try to prevent 870 00:42:29,813 --> 00:42:31,382 this from happening again. 871 00:42:34,852 --> 00:42:37,588 NARRATOR: In the aftermath of the Garuda 200 disaster, 872 00:42:37,655 --> 00:42:42,927 the airline overhauled its training and safety protocols. 873 00:42:42,993 --> 00:42:45,462 The European ban on Garuda was lifted 874 00:42:45,529 --> 00:42:46,964 two years after the crash. 875 00:42:47,031 --> 00:42:51,902 And today, it is a safer airline than it has ever been. 876 00:42:51,969 --> 00:42:56,340 The impact this crash had on Garuda was a watershed. 877 00:42:56,407 --> 00:42:58,909 They completely went through the operations department, 878 00:42:58,976 --> 00:43:00,144 the flight department. 879 00:43:00,210 --> 00:43:02,680 That changed everything about the airline. 880 00:43:02,746 --> 00:43:05,749 It went from a pariah in the industry 881 00:43:05,816 --> 00:43:10,521 to a well-respected airline today. 882 00:43:10,587 --> 00:43:14,325 NARRATOR: But for the survivors of Garuda airways flight 200, 883 00:43:14,391 --> 00:43:16,527 difficult memories remain. 884 00:43:16,593 --> 00:43:19,930 It took me three days before it caught up with me. 885 00:43:19,997 --> 00:43:21,899 The adrenaline, everything in your body, everything 886 00:43:21,966 --> 00:43:23,300 was racing. 887 00:43:23,367 --> 00:43:26,136 And then, it would get back up and the dust sort of thing. 888 00:43:26,203 --> 00:43:30,541 And I just broke down in a heap. 889 00:43:30,607 --> 00:43:32,376 NARRATOR: In recognition of his heroism, 890 00:43:32,443 --> 00:43:36,380 Quinlan is honored with one of Australia's highest awards, 891 00:43:36,447 --> 00:43:37,982 the bravery medal. 892 00:43:38,048 --> 00:43:41,618 I was blessed that I can still walk, I can help people. 893 00:43:41,685 --> 00:43:45,522 And I just tried to help people as best I could. 894 00:43:45,589 --> 00:43:46,824 You always want to do more though. 895 00:43:46,890 --> 00:43:47,825 That's the thing. 896 00:43:51,495 --> 00:43:52,830 A lot of people lost their lives that day 897 00:43:52,896 --> 00:43:56,233 and some amazing remarkable people. 898 00:43:56,300 --> 00:43:59,236 They'll never be forgotten, but I hope never to see 899 00:43:59,303 --> 00:44:00,237 anything like that again.